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#Mac ethernet hub driver
The NIC driver is a program that interacts directly with the hardware on the NIC to pass the data between the media and the Media Access Control sublayer.
#Mac ethernet hub software
In a computer, the LLC can be considered the driver software for the Network Interface Card (NIC). LLC is implemented in software, and its implementation is independent of the physical equipment. Layer 2 communicates with the upper layers through LLC. The LLC sublayer takes the network protocol data, which is typically an IPv4 packet, and adds control information to help deliver the packet to the destination node. Logical Link Control handles the communication between the upper layers and the networking software, and the lower layers, typically the hardware.
#Mac ethernet hub mac
For Ethernet, the IEEE 802.2 standard describes the LLC sublayer functions, and the 802.3 standard describes the MAC sublayer and the Physical layer functions. The use of these sublayers contributes significantly to compatibility between diverse end devices. The functions described in the OSI model for the Data Link layer are assigned to the LLC and MAC sublayers. Logical Link Control - Connecting to the Upper LayersĮthernet separates the functions of the Data Link layer into two distinct sublayers: the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer and the Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer. The Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer remains relatively independent of the physical equipment that will be used for the communication process. The MAC sublayer is concerned with the physical components that will be used to communicate the information and prepares the data for transmission over the media. The Data Link sublayers contribute significantly to technological compatibility and computer communications. As the figure shows, Ethernet at Layer 2 addresses these limitations.
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Ethernet Layer 1 performs a key role in the communication that takes place between devices, but each of its functions has limitations. Ethernet at Layer 1 involves signals, bit streams that travel on the media, physical components that put signals on media, and various topologies.
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The model provides a reference to which Ethernet can be related but it is actually implemented in the lower half of the Data Link layer, which is known as the Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer, and the Physical layer only. As a result, some small modifications to the original Ethernet standard were made in 802.3.Įthernet operates in the lower two layers of the OSI model: the Data Link layer and the Physical layer.Įthernet operates across two layers of the OSI model. To ensure compatibility, the IEEE 802.3 standards had to address the needs of Layer 1 and the lower portion of Layer 2 of the OSI model. The IEEE wanted to make sure that its standards were compatible with those of the International Standards Organization (ISO) and OSI model. These standards start with the number 802. In 1985, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards committee for Local and Metropolitan Networks published standards for LANs. The first products that were developed from the Ethernet standard were sold in the early 1980s. Metcalfe wanted Ethernet to be a shared standard from which everyone could benefit, and therefore it was released as an open standard. The first Ethernet standard was published in 1980 by a consortium of Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel, and Xerox (DIX). Robert Metcalfe and his coworkers at Xerox designed it more than thirty years ago. The first LAN in the world was the original version of Ethernet.